For the ought-to-do variant we employ a reduction to dynamic logic, and show how the Chisholm set can be treated adequately in this setting. We present a multi-modal extension of standard deontic logic (SDL) to represent the ought-to-be version of the Chisholm set properly. of distinguishing between ought-to-be and ought-to-do constraints and next focus on the most severe paradox, the so-called Chisholm paradox, involving contrary-to-duty norms. To overcome the traditional problems with deontic logic (the so-called paradoxes), we first state the importance. In this paper we discuss the role that deontic logic plays in the specification of information systems, either because constraints on the systems directly concern norms or, and even more importantly, system constraints are considered ideal but violable (so-called `soft' constraints). The study also looks for relationships of spiritual intelligence from an Islamic perspective and emotional intelligence among the students of higher learning institutions. The purpose of the current study is to construct a spiritual intelligence from an Islamic perspective and empirically validate the items. Most research found on spiritual intelligence is from traditional and Western perspective with very limited studies found from an Islamic perspective. The contribution of human intelligence in the development higher learning institution is remarkable. transcendental awareness, meaning of life, patience and forgiveness) and emotional intelligence. Statistically significant relationships were found between four dimensions of spiritual intelligence from an Islamic perspective (e.g. The findings of the study show the relationships of spiritual intelligence from an Islamic perspective and emotional intelligence. In addition, this research explores the relationship of spiritual intelligence from an Islamic perspective with emotional intelligence among the students of higher learning institutions in Malaysia.ĭata were collected from 250 students from different higher learning institutions in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to develop a spiritual intelligence scale from an Islamic perspective.
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